Bone Sarcoma
What Is
Bone Sarcoma
Bone sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that begins in the bones. It often appears as a tumor, which may feel like a lump, bump, or mass that grows within the bone itself. Bone sarcomas can occur in any bone, but they are most often found in the long bones of the arms and legs, as well as the pelvis.
These cancers are uncommon. About 3,600 cases are diagnosed in the United States each year, which represents less than two-tenths of one percent of all cancers.
1%
Of all new cancer diagnoses
in the U.S. are sarcoma
#5
Cancer among children
17K
Newly diagnosed patients each
year in the United State
Where
Bone Sarcomas Develop
Bone sarcomas form in the hard tissue of the skeleton or in cartilage, which provides cushioning and support at the joints. Common areas where bone sarcomas occur include:
- Long bones such as the femur, tibia, or humerus
- Bones of the pelvis
- Bones of the spine or chest wall
- Bones around major joints such as the knee or shoulder
Where Bone Sarcomas Develop
Bone sarcomas form in the hard tissue of the skeleton or in cartilage, which provides cushioning and support at the joints. Common areas where bone sarcomas occur include:
- Long bones such as the femur, tibia, or humerus
- Bones of the pelvis
- Bones of the spine or chest wall
- Bones around major joints such as the knee or shoulder
Signs & Symptoms
Bone sarcomas often begin with symptoms that can be mistaken for a sports injury or growing pains, especially in children and teens. Any symptom that persists or worsens over time should be evaluated by a medical professional.
Common symptoms include:
- Bone pain that does not improve or becomes more intense over time
- Swelling or a noticeable mass near a bone or joint
- Pain at night or at rest
- Warmth, tenderness, or stiffness in the affected area
- A limp or decreased movement if a tumor affects a limb
- Bone weakening that leads to a fracture after minimal injury
Because these symptoms can resemble more common conditions, timely evaluation is important.
Diagnosing
Bone Sarcomas
Diagnosing bone sarcoma requires a combination of imaging, careful evaluation, and specialized testing.
Imaging
X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and sometimes bone scans help determine whether a mass has features that suggest a bone tumor. Imaging also shows how the tumor is affecting the bone and surrounding tissues.
Consultation With a Specialist
A diagnosis should be handled by an orthopedic oncologist or bone surgeon who has experience with sarcoma. Specialists understand how to plan both the biopsy and treatment in a way that protects the surrounding tissues and reduces the risk of cancer cells spreading.
Biopsy
A biopsy is the only way to confirm bone sarcoma. During this procedure, a surgeon removes either a small sample or, in some cases, the entire tumor for examination. The biopsy must be performed with care to avoid affecting future treatment options, which is why experience with sarcoma is essential.
9th Edition
Sarcoma Patient Guidebook
The Rein in Sarcoma Patient Guidebook was created to provide support, hope, trusted information, and valuable resources for those who are newly diagnosed with sarcoma.
- Clear explanations about sarcoma and treatment options
- Guidance on navigating appointments and care decisions
- Practical tips for patients and families
- Support resources and community connections
